Monday, February 23, 2015

23rd February 1932 British Created

North-West Frontier Province (1901–55)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia




For other uses, see North West Frontier.
North West Frontier
Subdivision of Pakistan
9 November 1901–14 October 1955
Flag of North West Frontier
Flag
Location of North West Frontier
Map of Pakistan with North West Frontier highlighted
CapitalPeshawar
History
 - Established9 November 1901
 - Disestablished14 October 1955
Area70,709 km2 (27,301 sq mi)
Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Coat of arms of Pakistan
This article is part of the series
Former administrative units of Pakistan
The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) was a former province created by the British in their controlled territories in Indian Subcontinent then called British India. It was established in 1901 and dissolved in 1955, after eight years as part of the independent state of Pakistan.
The province covered an area of 70,709 km², including much of the current Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (also called KP) province but excluding the former princely states of Amb, Chitral, Dir, Phulra and Swat. The capital was the city of Peshawar and the province was composed of three divisions (Peshawar, Dera Ismail Khan and Malakand. Until 1947 the province was bordered by five princely states to the north, the minor states of theGilgit Agency to the northeast, the province of West Punjab to the east, and the province of Balochistan to the south. Afghanistan lay to the northwest, with the tribal agencies forming a buffer zone.

History[edit]

Most of the territory of this province was originally a part of the Durrani Empire from the 18th century to around the 1820s, when the Sikh ruler or Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the former mayor of the Punjabi city of Lahore, taking advantage of the internal chaos of the Afghan ruling family, declared independence and annexed it to his own empire based out of the Punjab. Later on, after the Second Anglo-Sikh War of 1848–49, when the Punjab came under the control of British East India company, this region along with the 'Frontier Tribal Areas' acted as a 'buffer' zone with Afghanistan. The Province was formally created in 1901 by the British administration, out of the North-Westerly areas of the old Punjab, initially under a Chief Commissioner, and then a full-fledged Governor from circa 1938 onwards. Referendum was held to decide the future of NWFP state, efforts were made by famous Muslim leaguers such as leaders like Abdul Qayyum Khan, k.B Jalaluddin Khan Jalal Baba, I.I Chundrigar and it was made part of Pakistan. After Indian independence in 1947 that divided the country into two, the NWFP became part of the new nation of Pakistan. The province lasted until 1955 when it was merged into the new province of West Pakistan, under the One Unit policy announced byPrime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali. It was recreated after the dissolution of the One Unit system and lasted under its old nomenclature until April 2010, when it was renamed as the 'Khyber Pakhtunkhwa' province.

Demographics[edit]

At independence there was a clear Muslim majority in then North-West Frontier Province, although with some of small minorities of Hindus and Sikhs. The official language of the North-West Frontier was Urdu, although most of the population spoke Pashto and Hindko. Prior to the arrival of the British, the lingua franca, or common language of trade and communication, was Persian, as it was in Punjab and throughout the region which later became West Pakistan, due to the patronization of foreign Persian culture, which the Mughals had favoured. The British encouraged the abandonment of it in favour of English in order to institute a common language throughout their vast holdings in the Indian subcontinent.

Government[edit]

The offices of Governor and Chief Minister of the North-West Frontier Province lasted until 14 October 1955.
TenureGovernors of the North-West Frontier Province [1]
14 August 1947 – 8 April 1948Sir George Cunningham
8 April 1948 – 16 July 1949Sir Ambrose Dundas Flux Dundas
16 July 1949 – 14 January 1950Sahibzada Mohammad Kursheed
14 January 1950 – 21 February 1950Mohammad Ibrahim Khan Jhagra (acting)
21 February 1950 – 23 November 1951Ismail Ibrahim Chundrigar
24 November 1951 – 17 November 1954Khwaja Shahabuddin
17 November 1954 – 14 October 1955Qurban Ali Khan
14 October 1955North-West Frontier Province dissolved
TenureChief Ministers of the North-West Frontier Province [1]Political Party
1 April 1937 – 7 September 1937Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum KhanNon-Party Government Nominee
7 September 1937 – 10 November 1939Dr. Khan Sahib (1st time)Indian National Congress
10 November 1939 – 25 May 1943Governor's rule
25 May 1943 – 16 March 1945Sardar Aurangzeb KhanMuslim League
16 March 1945 – 22 August 1947Dr. Khan Sahib (2nd time)Indian National Congress
14 August 1947Independence of Pakistan
23 August 1947 – 23 April 1953Khan Abdul Qayyum KhanPakistan Muslim League
23 April 1953 – 18 July 1955Sardar Abdur Rashid Khan
19 July 1955 – 14 October 1955Sardar Bahadur Khan
14 October 1955North-West Frontier Province dissolved

See also[edit]

North-West Frontier Province (1901–55) - Wikipedia, the ...

North-West Frontier Province - Wikipedia, the free ...

  1. en.wikipedia.org/.../North-West_Fronti...
    या पानाचे भाषांतर करा
    North-West Frontier Province may refer to: Province of Pakistan: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, known as the North-West Frontier Province from 1955 to 2010 ...

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

  1. en.wikipedia.org/.../Khyber_Pakhtunkh...
    या पानाचे भाषांतर करा
    In 1901, the British carved out the northwest portions of Punjab to create theNorthwest Frontier Province (NWFP), which was renamed Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in ...

List of Governors of the North-West Frontier Province ...

  1. en.wikipedia.org/.../List_of_Governors...
    या पानाचे भाषांतर करा
    Below is a list of Governors of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) from thecreation of the office of Commissioner of the North-West Frontier Province in ...

Pakistan renames North West Frontier Province to end ...

  1. www.telegraph.co.uk › ... › Pakistan
    या पानाचे भाषांतर करा
    २६ मे, २००८ - Pakistan is to rename its North West Frontier Province because it is a ... Lord Curzon, the viceroy of India, created the province by removing it ...

British Intelligence on the North-West Frontier, 1901-1949 ...

  1. www.brill.com › ... › Primary Source
    या पानाचे भाषांतर करा
    The new North-West Frontier Province was set up under a Chief Commissioner and Agent to the Governor-General. It was made up of five districts (Hazara, ...

British Intelligence on the North West Frontier, 1901-1949

  1. www.idc.nl/ead/557.xml.
    या पानाचे भाषांतर करा
    Abstract: The material covers the period 1901, when the 'North-West Frontier Province' was created, to 1949, by which time the Province had become an ...

North-West Frontier Province

  1. www.princeton.edu/.../North-West_Fro...
    या पानाचे भाषांतर करा
    Khyber Pakhtunkhwa previously known as the North-West Frontier Province (see names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, ...

North-West Frontier Province - The Free Dictionary

  1. www.thefreedictionary.com/North-Wes...
    या पानाचे भाषांतर करा
    Definition of North-West Frontier Province in the Online Dictionary. Meaning of North-West Frontier Province. Pronunciation of North-West Frontier Province.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | province, Pakistan | Encyclopedia ...

  1. www.britannica.com/.../Khyber-Pakhtu...
    या पानाचे भाषांतर करा
    It is bounded by Afghanistan to the west and north, Azad Kashmir and the Northern ... Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, formerly North-West Frontier Province, northernmost provinceof Pakistan. .... What made you want to look up Khyber Pakhtunkhwa?

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b Ben Cahoon, WorldStatesmen.org. "Pakistan Provinces". Retrieved 2007-10-03.

External links[edit]

  • Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
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