21st February 1952 General Elections In India

Indian general election, 1951–52

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Indian general election, 1951

1945 ←

25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952

→ 1957

All 489 seats in the Lok Sabha 245 seats were needed for a majority

	First party	Second party

Leader	Jawaharlal Nehru	Shripad Amrit Dange
Party	INC	CPI
Leader's seat	Phulpur	Bombay City North
Seats won	364	16
Popular vote	47,665,875	3,484,401
Percentage	44.99	3.29

Prime Minister before election

Jawaharlal Nehru
INC

Elected Prime Minister

Jawaharlal Nehru
INC

The Indian general election of 1951–52 elected the first Lok Sabha since India became independent in August 1947.^[1]^[2]^[3] Until this point, the Indian Constituent Assembly had served as an interim legislature. See the 'Durations' section below to find the time-range associated with these elections.

The Indian National Congress (INC) won a landslide victory, winning 364 of the 489 seats and 45% of the total votes polled. This was over four times as many votes as the second-largest party.Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of the country. In the first Lok Sabha polls held in 1951, India had 17.32 crore voters(The overall population of India that timewas 36 crore).^[4] Voter turnout was 45.7%.^[5]

[hide]

Parties[edit]

Before Independent India went to the polls, two former cabinet colleagues of Nehru established separate political parties to challenge the INC's supremacy. While Shyama Prasad Mookerjee went on to found the Jana Sangh in October 1951, Dalit leader B. R. Ambedkar revived the Scheduled Castes Federation (which was later named the Republican Party). Other parties which started coming to the forefront included the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Parishad, whose prime mover was Acharya Kripalani; the Socialist Party which had Ram Manohar Lohia and Jay Prakash Narayan's leadership to boast of and the Communist Party of India. However, these smaller parties could not stand against Congress.

Constituencies[edit]

The first general elections, which were conducted for 489 seats in 401 constituencies, represented 26 Indian states. At that time, there were 314 constituencies with one seat, 86 with two seats and one with three seats.^[6] The multi-seat constituencies were abolished in the 1960s. There were also 2 nominated Anglo-Indian members.

Results[edit]

Party	Abbr.	Votes	%	Seats
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha	ABHM		0.95	4
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad	RRP		1.97	3
Bharatiya Jana Sangh	BJS	3,246,288	3.06	3
Bolshevik Party of India	BPI		0.02	0
Communist Party of India	CPI	3,484,401	3.29	16
Forward Bloc (Marxist)	FB(M)		0.91	1
Forward Bloc (Ruiker)	FB(R)		0.13	0
Indian National Congress	INC	47,665,875	44.99	364
Krishikar Lok Party	KLP		1.41	1
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party	KMPP	6,156,558	5.79	9
Revolutionary Communist Party of India	RCPI		0.06	0
Revolutionary Socialist Party	RSP		0.44	3
Scheduled Caste Federation	SCF		2.38	2
Socialist Party	SP	11,266,779	10.59	12
All India Republican Party	REP		0.04	0
All India Republican Party	RPP		0.05	0
All India United Kisan Sabha	UKS		0.06	0
All Manipur National Union	AMNU		0.02	0
All People's Party	APP		0.03	0
Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party	CNSPJP		0.22	1
Cochin Party	CP		0.01	0
Commonweal Party	CWP		0.31	3
Ganatantra Parishad	GP		0.91	6
Gandhi Sebak Seva	GSS		0.01	0
Hill Peoples Party	HPP		0.02	0
Historical Research	HR		0.00	0
Hyderabad State Praja Party	HSPP		0.01	0
Jharkhand Party	JKP		0.71	3
Justice Party	JP		0.06	0
Kamgar Kisan Paksha	KKP		0.13	0
Kerala Socialist Party	KSP		0.1	0
Khasi-Jaintia Durbar	KJD		0.03	0
Kisan Janata Sanyukta Party	KJSP		0.01	0
Kisan Mazdoor Mandal	KMM		0.01	0
Kuki National Association	KNA		0.01	0
Lok Sevak Sangh	LSS		0.29	2
Madras State Muslim League Party	MSMLP		0.08	1
National Party of India	NPI		0.00	0
Peasants and Workers Party of India	PWPI		0.94	2
Peoples Democratic Front	PDF		1.29	7
Praja Party	PP		0.02	0
Punjab Depressed Class League	PDCL		0.01	0
Pursharathi Panchayat	PURP		0.01	0
Revolutionary Socialist Party (Uttar Pradesh)	RSP(UP)		0.02	0
Shiromani Akali Dal	SAD		0.99	4
S.K. Paksha	SKP		0.13	0
Saurashtra Khedut Sangh	SKS		0.03	0
Tamil Nadu Toilers Party	TNTP		0.84	4
Tamil Nadu Congress Party	TNCP		0.03	0
Tribal Sangha	TS		0.11	0
Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress Party	TTNC		0.11	1
Uttar Pradesh Praja Party	UPP		0.2	0
Zamindar Party	ZP		0.27	0
Independents		16,817,910	15.9	37
Nominated Anglo-Indians		-	-	2
Total		105,944,495	100	489

Notable losses[edit]

Scheduled Caste leader B. R. Ambedkar was defeated in the Bombay (North Central) constituency as Scheduled Castes Federation candidate by his little-known former assistant and Congress Candidate Narayan Sadoba Kajrolkar, who polled 1,38,137 votes compared to Ambedkar's 1,23,576 votes.^[7]^:156 Dr Ambedkar then entered the parliament as a Rajya Sabha member. He contested bye-poll from Bhandara in 1954 to try to enter Lok Sabha but again lost to Mr Borkar of Congress.

Acharya Kripalani lost from Faizabad in UP as KMPP candidate, but his wife Sucheta Kripalani defeated the Congress candidate in Delhi.

Government formation[edit]

The Speaker of the first Lok Sabha was Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar. The first Lok Sabha also witnessed 677 sittings (3,784 hours), the highest recorded count of the number of sittings. The Lok Sabha lasted its full term from 17 April 1952 until 4 April 1957.

Duration[edit]

While Indian Government's official websites and official documents assign the year 1951 to these polls, it is a misrepresentation because all territories except Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir voted in February-March 1952; no polls were held for Lok Sabha seats in Kashmir until 1967, and only Himachal Pradesh voted in 1951 for the first Lok Sabha because weather tends to be inclement in February and March, heavy snow impending free movement.^[8] The rest of the India voted only in Fenbruary-March 1952 for the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha elections. Polling was held between 25 October 1951 and 27 March 1952. The very first votes of the election were cast in the tehsil (district) of Chini in Himachal Pradesh.^[7]

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