- Sonia Gandhi
- Sonia Gandhi is an Italian-born Indian politician, who has served as President of the Indian National Congress party since 1998. She is the widow of former Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi who belonged to the Nehru–Gandhi family.Wikipedia
- Born: December 9, 1946 (age 68),Lusiana, Italy
- Full name: Antonia Edvige Albina Maino
- Nationality: Indian
- Spouse: Rajiv Gandhi (m. 1968–1991)
Sonia Gandhi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSonia Gandhi Chairperson of the National Advisory Council In office
29 March 2010 – 25 May 2014Preceded by Position reestablished In office
4 June 2004 – 23 March 2006Preceded by Position established Succeeded by Position abolished Chairperson of the United Progressive Alliance Incumbent Assumed office
16 May 2004Preceded by Position established President of the Indian National Congress Incumbent Assumed office
14 March 1998Preceded by Sitaram Kesri Leader of the Opposition In office
19 March 1998 – 22 May 2004Preceded by Sharad Pawar Succeeded by L. K. Advani Member of Parliament
for Rae BareliIncumbent Assumed office
17 May 2004Preceded by Satish Sharma Member of Parliament
for AmethiIn office
10 October 1999 – 17 May 2004Preceded by Sanjay Singh Succeeded by Rahul Gandhi Personal details Born Edvige Antonia Albina Màino
9 December 1946
Lusiana, Veneto, ItalyPolitical party Indian National Congress Other political
affiliationsUnited Front (1996–2004)
United Progressive Alliance(2004–present)Spouse(s) Rajiv Gandhi (1969–1991) Children Rahul
PriyankaResidence 10 Janpath, New Delhi Alma mater Bell Educational Trust Religion Roman Catholicism[1][2][3] Signature Website Sonia Gandhi Sonia Gandhi ( pronunciation (help·info); born Edvige Antonia Albina Màino,[4][5][6] 9 December 1946) is an Italian-born Indian politician, who has served as President of the Indian National Congress party since 1998.[5] She is the widow of former Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi who belonged to theNehru–Gandhi family. After her husband's assassination in 1991, she was invited by Congress leaders to take over the government but she refused and publicly stayed away from politics amidst constant prodding from the party.[7]She finally agreed to join politics in 1997; in 1998, she was elected President of the Congress party.[5]She has served as the Chairperson of the ruling United Progressive Alliance in the Lok Sabha since 2004. In September 2010, on being re-elected for the fourth time, she became the longest serving president in the 125-year history of the Congress party.[8] Her foreign birth has been a subject of much debate and controversy.[9][10] Also controversial was her alleged friendship with Italian businessman Ottavio Quattrocchi, accused of being a middleman in the Bofors scandal.[11] Although Sonia is the fifth foreign-born person to be leader of the Congress Party, she is the first since independence in 1947.[12]Contents
[hide]Early life
She was born to Stefano and Paola Maino in Contrada Màini ("Maini quarter/district"), at Lusiana,[13][14] a little village 30 km from Vicenza in Veneto,[15] Italy, where families with the family name "Màino" have been living for many generations.[16][17][18] She spent her adolescence in Orbassano,[19] a town near Turin, being raised in a traditional Roman Catholic family and attending a Catholic school. Her father, Stefano Maino, was a building mason, who owned a small construction business in Orbassano.[20] Stefano fought against theSoviet military alongside Hitler's Wehrmacht on theeastern front in World War II, he called himself a loyal supporter of Benito Mussolini and Italy's National Fascist Party.[20] He died in 1983.[21] Her mother and two sisters still live around Orbassano.[22]In 1964, she went to study English at the Bell Educational Trust's language school in the city of Cambridge.[23] In 1965 at a Greek restaurant (the Varsity Restaurant in Cambridge) she met Rajiv Gandhi, who was enrolled in Trinity College at the University of Cambridge.[24] Sonia and Rajiv Gandhi married in 1968, in a Hindu ceremony[25] following which she moved into the house of her mother-in-law and then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.[26]The couple had two children, Rahul Gandhi (born 1970) and Priyanka Vadra(born 1972). Despite belonging to the influential Nehru family, Sonia and Rajiv avoided all involvement in politics. Rajiv worked as an airline pilot while Sonia took care of her family.[27] When Indira Gandhi was ousted from office in 1977 in the aftermath of the Indian Emergency, the Rajiv family contemplated to move abroad for a short time.[28] When Rajiv entered politics in 1982 after the death of his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi in a plane crash on 23 June 1980, Sonia continued to focus on her family and avoided all contact with the public.[29]Political career
Wife of the Prime Minister
Sonia Gandhi's involvement with Indian public life began after the assassination of her mother-in-law and her husband's election as Prime Minister. As the Prime Minister's wife she acted as his official hostess and also accompanied him on a number of state visits.[30] In 1984, she actively campaigned against her husband's sister-in-law Maneka Gandhi who was running against Rajiv in Amethi. At the end of Rajiv Gandhi's five years in office, the Bofors scandal broke out. Ottavio Quattrocchi, an Italian business man believed to be involved, was said to be a friend of Sonia Gandhi, having access to the Prime Minister's official residence.[31] The BJP has alleged that she appeared on the voters list in New Delhi prior to obtaining Indian citizenship in April 1983, in contravention of Indian law.[32][33]Former senior Congress leader and the currently the President of India Pranab Mukherjee said that she surrendered her Italian passport to the Italian Embassy on 27 April 1983. Italian nationality law did not permit dual nationality until 1992. So, by acquiring Indian citizenship in 1983, she would automatically have lost Italian citizenship.[34]Congress President
After the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi and her refusal to become Prime Minister, the party settled on the choice of P. V. Narasimha Rao who became leader and subsequently Prime Minister. Over the next few years, however, the Congress fortunes continued to dwindle and it lost the 1996 elections. Several senior leaders such as Madhavrao Sindhia, Rajesh Pilot, Narayan Dutt Tiwari,Arjun Singh, Mamata Banerjee, G. K. Moopanar, P. Chidambaram andJayanthi Natarajan were in open revolt against incumbent President Sitaram Kesri and many of whom quit the party, splitting the Congress into many factions.[35]In an effort to revive the party's sagging fortunes, she joined the Congress Party as a primary member in the Calcutta Plenary Session in 1997 and became party leader in 1998.[5][36]In May 1999, three senior leaders of the party (Sharad Pawar, P. A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar) challenged her right to try to become India's Prime Minister because of her foreign origins. In response, she offered to resign as party leader, resulting in an outpouring of support and the expulsion from the party of the three rebels who went on to form theNationalist Congress Party.[37]Within 62 days of joining as a primary member, she was offered the party President post which she accepted.[38] She contested Lok Sabha elections from Bellary, Karnataka and Amethi, Uttar Pradesh in 1999. She won both seats but chose to represent Amethi.[39] In Bellary, she had defeated veteran BJP leader, Sushma Swaraj.[40]Leader of the Opposition
She was elected the Leader of the Opposition of the 13th Lok Sabha in 1999.[41] When the BJP-led NDA formed a government under Atal Bihari Vajpayee, she took the office of the Leader of Opposition. As Leader of Opposition, she called a no-confidence motion against the NDA government led by Vajpayee in 2003.[42]2004 elections and aftermath
In the 2004 general elections, Gandhi launched a nationwide campaign, criss-crossing the country on the Aam Aadmi (ordinary man) slogan in contrast to the 'India Shining' slogan of the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) alliance. She countered the BJP asking "Who is India Shining for?". In the election, she was re-elected by a 200,000-vote margin over nearest rival, in theRae Bareli.[43] Following the unexpected defeat of the NDA, she was widely expected to be the next Prime Minister of India. On 16 May, she was unanimously chosen to lead a 15-party coalition government with the support of the left, which was subsequently named the United Progressive Alliance (UPA).The defeated NDA protested once again her 'foreign origin' and senior NDA leader Sushma Swaraj threatened to shave her head and "sleep on the ground", among other things, should Sonia become prime minister.[9] The NDA also claimed that there were legal reasons that barred her from the Prime Minister's post.[44] They pointed, in particular, to Section 5 of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1955, which they claimed implied 'reciprocity'. This was contested by others[33] and eventually the suits were dismissed by the Supreme Court of India.[45]A few days after the election, Gandhi recommended Manmohan Singh as her choice as prime minister, that the party leaders accepted. Her supporters compared it to the old Indian tradition of renunciation,[46] while her opponents attacked it as a political stunt.[47]UPA Chairperson
On 23 March 2006, Gandhi announced her resignation from the Lok Sabha and also as chairperson of the National Advisory Council under the office-of-profit controversy and the speculation that the government was planning to bring an ordinance to exempt the post of chairperson of National Advisory Council from the purview of office of profit.[48] She was re-elected from her constituency Rae Bareli in May 2006 by a margin of over 400,000 votes.[49][50]As chairperson of the National Advisory Committee and the UPA, she played an important role in making the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and theRight to Information Act into law.[51][52]She addressed the United Nations on 2 October 2007, Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary which is observed as the international day of non-violence after a UN resolution passed on 15 July 2007.[53]Under her leadership, the Congress-led UPA won a decisive majority in the 2009 general elections with Manmohan Singh as the Prime Minister.[54] The Congress itself won 206 Lok Sabha seats, which was then the highest total by any party since 1991.[55] She was also re-elected to a third term as a member of parliament representing Rae Bareli.[56]In 2013, Gandhi became the first person to serve as Congress President for 15 years consecutively.[57] In the same year, Gandhi condemned the Supreme Court's judgement supporting Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code and backed LGBT rights.[58]In the 2014 general election, she held her seat in Rae Bareli.[59] However the Indian National Congress and the Congress-led UPA electoral alliance suffered their worst result in a general election ever, winning only 44 and 59 seats respectively.[60][61][62]Personal life
Sonia is the widow of Rajiv Gandhi, elder son of Indira Gandhi. Sonia has two children, Rahul and Priyanka Gandhi.In August 2011, she underwent a successful surgery for an unspecified ailment in the United States. It has been widely speculated in the media that the surgery took place at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in New York. Newspapers reported that she returned[63] to India on 9 September after her treatment. Speaking on 18 July 2012, about her son taking a larger role in the party, she said that it is for Rahul to decide.[64]Sonia was listed as one of the fifty best-dressed over 50s by the Guardian in March 2013.[65]She follows the style quote " Simple is Stylish" and looks no further than mother-in-law Indira Gandhi's "innate sense of fashion".[66]According to an affidavit filed during the Indian general election, 2014, Sonia had declared assets worth 92.8 million – 28.1 million in movable and 64.7 million in immovable properties. This is an almost six-fold increase since her declaration in the last election.[67]Honours and recognition
In 2004, Gandhi was named the third most powerful woman in the world by Forbes Magazine[68] and was ranked 6th in 2007.[69] In 2010, Gandhi ranked as the ninth most powerful person on the planet by Forbes Magazine.[70] She was also named among the Time 100 most influential people in the world for the years 2007[71] and 2008.[72] New Statesman listed Sonia Gandhi at number 29 in their annual survey of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures" in the year 2010.[73]Year Name Awarding organisation Ref. 2008 Honorary Doctorate (Literature) University of Madras [74] 2006 Order of King Leopold Government of Belgium [75] 2006 Honorary Doctorate Brussels University [75] Books featuring Sonia Gandhi
- Sonia Gandhi – An Extraordinary Life, An Indian Destiny (2011), a biography written by Rani Singh.
- Sonia Gandhi: Tryst with India by Nurul Islam Sarkar.
- Sonia: A Biography by Rasheed Kidwai[76]
- The Accidental Prime Minister by Sanjaya Baru, 2014
See also
References
- ^ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-26830531
- ^ http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/by-stressing-hindu-values-sonia-gandhi-enhances-personal-acceptability-and-congress-appeal/1/253057.html
- ^ N. I. Sarkar. Sonia Gandhi: Tryst with India.
- ^ Sonia Gandhi. Britannica. Retrieved on 9 December 2011.
- ^ ab c d "Sonia Gandhi Biography". Elections.in. Retrieved24 May 2014.
- ^ Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, Shankar Raghuraman (2007).Divided we stand: India in a time of coalitions. Los Angeles : SAGE Publications, 2007. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-7619-3663-3.
- ^ "ASSASSINATION IN INDIA; Sonia Gandhi Declines Invitation To Assume Husband's Party Post". The New York Times. 24 May 1991. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
- ^ "Fourth time in a row, Sonia Gandhi is Congress chief".The Times of India. 4 September 2010. Retrieved 25 May2014.
- ^ ab Religioscope: India: politics of renunciation, traditional and modern – Analysis. Religion.info. Retrieved on 9 December 2011.
- ^ Ramaseshan, Radhika (30 August 2002). "BJP sees Gujarat ammo in Sonia origins". The Telegraph (Calcutta, India). Retrieved 2 February 2010.
- ^ Nelson, Dean (14 January 2011). "Sonia Gandhi under pressure over Bofors scandal relationship". The Telegraph(New Delhi, India). Retrieved 1 March 2014.
- ^ "On being foreign and being nationalist". Chennai, India: Frontline Magazine. 22 May – 4 June 1999. Retrieved2 February 2010.
- ^ Pictures from the book-biography "The Red sari" by Javier Moro. Radiopopolare.it. Retrieved on 9 December 2011.
- ^ GeneAll.net – Edvige Antonia Albina Maino
- ^ Sonia Gandhi, dalla piccola Lusiana all'India ecco il romanzo di una donna speciale Il Giornale de Vicenza. 5 Oct 2009
- ^ Maini Lusiana.
- ^ Sonia Gandy. Il Giornale di Vicenza. 2004 (with picture of her native house)
- ^ Lusiana: parish church, townhall square, landscape. Youreporter.it. Retrieved on 9 December 2011.
- ^ http://www.scribd.com/doc/32475652/The-Red-Sari. Sonia Maino Gandhi from Lusiana to Orbassano, pages 22–27.
- ^ ab Meeting Mr Maino. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
- ^ In Maino land[dead link]. Retrieved 23 March 2007.
- ^ Italy heralds 'first woman PM'. BBC. 14 May 2004. Retrieved 18 July 2007.
- ^ "Sonia Gandhi Biography". Pressbrief.in. 23 September 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
- ^ "The Sonia Shock". Time. 17 May 2004. Archived fromthe original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
|first1=
missing|last1=
in Authors list (help) - ^ "News Features". Catholic Culture. 20 November 2001. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
- ^ "Profile: Sonia Gandhi". BBC News. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ^ BREAKING THE SILENCE Retrieved 20 July 2007.
- ^ Ramachandran, Aarthi. Decoding Rahul Gandhi. p. 1973. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
- ^ "Citizen Sonia". Frontline. 5 June 1999. Retrieved30 May 2014.
- ^ Rasheeda Bhagat. "Sonia Gandhi: Ordinary Italian to powerful Indian | Business Line". Thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
- ^ Who is Quattrocchi? Retrieved 23 March 2007.
- ^ "BJP accuses Sonia of flouting law". The Indian Express. 12 May 1999. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ ab Venkatesan, V (June 1999). "Citizen Sonia".Frontline 16 (12). Archived from the original on 22 April 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
- ^ "Citizenship: How to lose it?". Trentini Nel Mondo. Retrieved 2 February 2010.[dead link]
- ^ "The Sitaram Kesri case: How dynasty trumped ethics | Latest News & Updates at". Daily News & Analysis. 10 July 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
- ^ "Sonia Gandhi re-elected Congress president, unopposed". NDTV. 3 September 2010. Retrieved 30 May2014.
- ^ "India's Congress Party rallies for Sonia Gandhi". CNN. 17 May 1999. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
- ^ "Sonia Gandhi Biography – about, family and professional history, political journey and awards won". Elections.in. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
- ^ "A Congress bastion since 1952". The Hindu. 28 February 2004. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ "General election 1999, Candidate wise result". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
- ^ "Detailed Profile – Smt. Sonia Gandhi – Members of Parliament (Lok Sabha) – Who's Who – Government: National Portal of India". Archive.india.gov.in. Retrieved11 March 2014.
- ^ "LS to witness 26th no-confidence motion in its history".The Times of India. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 30 May2014.
- ^ "Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha" (PDF). ECI. p. 308. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ Pioneer News Service. "Whose inner voice?". CMYK Multimedia Pvt. Ltd. Archived from the original on 9 April 2007. Retrieved 20 July 2007.
- ^ "Sonia is Indian, rules SC". The Times of India. 13 September 2001. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ^ "Indian press lauds Gandhi decision". BBC. 19 May 2004. Retrieved 6 February 2008.
- ^ "Profile: Sonia Gandhi". BBC. 23 March 2006. Retrieved6 July 2008.
- ^ "'Hurt' Sonia quits as MP, chairperson of NAC". Retrieved 23 March 2006.
- ^ "Rae Bareli Lok Sabha". Elections.in. Retrieved 21 May2014.
- ^ "Sonia strides to victory with record margin". Rediff. 11 May 2006.
- ^ Employment Bill not a populist measure: Sonia. Retrieved 13 July 2007.
- ^ After RTI success, it's right to work. Retrieved 13 July 2007.
- ^ "Sonia Gandhi raises disarmament issue at UN meet".The Times of India. 2 October 2007. Retrieved 2 October2007.
- ^ "India's new government sworn in". BBC News. 22 May 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ "Hail to the chief: Sonia spurs Cong to new heights".Hindustan Times. 11 March 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ "List of Winning candidates Final" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 8. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
- ^ "Sonia Gandhi completes 15 years as Congress president". Livemint. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 25 May2014.
- ^ "Disappointed over court ruling on gay rights: Sonia Gandhi". Retrieved 12 December 2013.
- ^ "Sonia Gandhi wins by over 3.52 lakh votes". The Indian Express. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ "After its worst defeat ever in Lok Sabha elections, what can Congress do to recover?". Daily News & Analysis. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ "The worst defeat: Where the Congress went wrong".IBN Live. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ "Results". NDTV. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ Sonia returns after surgery. Indian Express (9 September 2011). Retrieved on 9 December 2011.
- ^ "It's for Rahul to decide: Sonia". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 18 July 2012.
- ^ Cartner-Morley, Jess; Mirren, Helen; Huffington, Arianna; Amos, Valerie (28 March 2013).
- "The 50 best-dressed over 50s". The Guardian (London).
- ^ "Simple is stylish: Sonia". telegraph India. 8 November 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ^ "Sonia Gandhi files papers, shows six-fold hike in assets". The Times of India.
- ^ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women". Forbes Magazine. 20 August 2004. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
- ^ "Sonia Gandhi in Forbes' list for 2007". Forbes Magazine. 30 August 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
- ^ In Maino land. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
- ^ Sonia Gandhi among Time's 100 for 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2007
- ^ Sonia Gandhi among Time's 100 for 2008. Retrieved on 1 May 2008.
- ^ "Sonia Gandhi – 50 People Who Matter 2010". New Statesman. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
- ^ M. R. Venkatesh (6 September 2008). "Madras University honours Manmohan, Sonia". Chennai: Hindustan Times. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
- ^ ab "Belgium honours Sonia Gandhi". Daily News and Analysis. India. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
- ^ "Arbiter at the Gates | Sheela Reddy". Outlookindia.com. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
Further reading
- S. R. ET AL. BAKSHI (1998) Sonia Gandhi, The President of AICC South Asia Books. ISBN 81-7024-988-0
- Rupa Chaterjee (1999) Sonia Gandhi: The Lady in Shadow Butala. ISBN 81-87277-02-5
- C. Rupa, Rupa Chaterjee (2000) Sonia Mystique South Asia Books. ISBN 81-85870-24-1
- Moro, Javier "El sari rojo" (Ed. Seix Barral, 2008) "Il sari rosso" (Il Saggiatore, 2009)
External links
- Official
- Indian National Congress Party profile
- Parliamentary profile at India.gov.in
- Others
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sonia Gandhi. - Profile at BBC News
- Profile at Forbes
- Sonia Gandhi collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Sonia Gandhi collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Sonia Gandhi collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
- Sonia Gandhi collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
- Sonia Gandhi at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Sonia Gandhi in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Works by Sonia Gandhi at Open Library
- Sonia Gandhi at the Notable Names Database
Party political offices New office Chairperson of the United Progressive Alliance
2004–presentIncumbent Lok Sabha Preceded by
Sanjay SinghMember of Parliament
for Amethi
1999–2004Succeeded by
Rahul GandhiPreceded by
Satish SharmaMember of Parliament
for Rae Bareli
2004–presentIncumbent Political offices Preceded by
Sharad PawarLeader of the Opposition
1998–2004Succeeded by
Lal Krishna Advani[show] Authority control Categories:- 1946 births
- 13th Lok Sabha members
- 14th Lok Sabha members
- 15th Lok Sabha members
- Italian emigrants to India
- Indian Roman Catholics
- Indian National Congress politicians
- Indian women in politics
- Living people
- Members of National Advisory Council, India
- Nehru–Gandhi family
- People from the Province of Vicenza
- People with acquired Indian citizenship
- Presidents of the Indian National Congress
- Spouses of Prime Ministers of India
- Recipients of the Order of Leopold (Belgium)
- Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh
- Members of Parliament from Uttar Pradesh
- Leaders of the Opposition (India)
- Lok Sabha members from Karnataka
- 16th Lok Sabha members
- Rare pictures of Sonia Gandhi with her late husband Rajiv Gandhi on 68th birthdayIndian Express - 2 hours ago
- Narendra Modi wishes Sonia Gandhi on her birthdayThe Hindu - 5 hours ago
Sonia Gandhi - The Times of India
timesofindia.indiatimes.com › TopicsSonia Gandhi | Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/SoniaRajivGandhiSonia Gandhi - Forbes
www.forbes.com/profile/sonia-gandhi/Manas: History and Politics, Sonia Gandhi
https://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Independent/Sonia.htmlSonia Gandhi decides not to celebrate her birthday this year ...
ibnlive.in.com › Politics › NewsSonia Gandhi - Business Standard
www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Sonia+GandhiPHOTOS: Rare pictures of Sonia Gandhi with her late ...
indianexpress.com/.../rare-pictures-of-sonia-gandhi-with-her-late-husban...Sonia Gandhi: Latest News, Videos, Quotes, Gallery, Photos ...
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- Rare pictures of Sonia Gandhi with her late husband Rajiv Gandhi on 68th birthday
Tuesday, December 9, 2014
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