Friday, May 1, 2015

1ST MAY - MAY DAY - WORLD LABOUR DAY - JAGTIK KAAMGAR DIWAS


May Day

Holiday observed in many countries around the world

Labour day
Who observes Labour Day in 2015?
Algeria AlgeriaArgentina Argentina
Austria AustriaBahrain Bahrain
Bangladesh BangladeshBarbados Barbados
Belarus BelarusBelgium Belgium
Bolivia BoliviaBrazil Brazil
Bulgaria BulgariaCambodia Cambodia
Chile ChileChina China
Colombia ColombiaCroatia Croatia
Cyprus CyprusCzech Republic Czech Republic
Denmark DenmarkEcuador Ecuador
Egypt EgyptEl Salvador El Salvador
Finland FinlandFrance France
Germany GermanyGhana Ghana
Greece GreeceHong Kong Hong Kong
Hungary HungaryIceland Iceland
India India (regional)Indonesia Indonesia
Italy ItalyJordan Jordan
Kenya KenyaLatvia Latvia
Lebanon LebanonLithuania Lithuania
Luxembourg LuxembourgMalaysia Malaysia
Malta MaltaMexico Mexico
Morocco MoroccoNigeria Nigeria
Norway NorwayPakistan Pakistan
Paraguay ParaguayPeru Peru
Philippines PhilippinesPoland Poland
Portugal PortugalRomania Romania
Russia RussiaSerbia Serbia
Singapore SingaporeSlovakia Slovakia
Slovenia SloveniaSouth Africa South Africa
South Korea South KoreaSpain Spain
Sri Lanka Sri LankaSweden Sweden
Switzerland Switzerland (regional)Taiwan Taiwan
Thailand ThailandTurkey Turkey
Ukraine UkraineUruguay Uruguay
Venezuela VenezuelaVietnam Vietnam
This holiday is most commonly associated as a commemoration of the achievements of the labour movement. The holiday may also be known asLabour Day or International Worker's Day.
The 1 May date is used because in 1884 the American Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions demanded an eight-hour workday, to come in effect as of 1 May 1886. This resulted in the general strike and the Haymarket Riot of 1886, but eventually also in the official sanction of the eight-hour workday.
1 May is celebrated as May Day in most countries around the world. In the United Kingdom the bank holiday isn't fixed at May 1st, but instead is observed on the first Monday of May.
In the 20th century, the holiday received the official endorsement of the Soviet Union, and it is also celebrated as the Day of the International Solidarity of Workers, especially in some Communist states. Celebrations in communist countries during the Cold War era often consisted of large military parades with the latest weaponry being exhibited as well as shows of common people in support of the government.
Curiously (given the origin of the 1 May date), the United States celebrates Labor Day on the first Monday of September (1 May is Loyalty Day, a legal but not widely recognized holiday in the United States). There is some suggestion that the reason for this was to avoid the commemoration of riots that had occurred in 1886. The adoption of May Day by communists and socialists as their primary holiday have been as a another reason as they further inceased official resistance to May Day labor celebrations in America.
Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the Netherlands also celebrate Labour Day on different dates; though that has to do with how the holiday originated in those countries.
May Day has long been a focal point for demonstrations by various communist, socialist, and anarchist groups.
1 May was also a pagan holiday in many parts of Europe, Its roots as a holiday stretch back to the Gaelic Beltane. It was considered the last day of winter when the beginning of summer was celebrated.
During Roman times, 1 May was seen as a key period to celebrate fertility and the arrival of spring. The Roman festival of Flora, the goddess of flowers and the season of spring, was held between 28 April and 3 May.

Labour Day around the world

England
Traditional English May Day rites and celebrations include Morris dancing, crowning a May Queen, and dancing around a Maypole; festivities which made it a popular seasonal celebration in medieval England.
Germany
Labour Day was established as an official holiday in 1933 after the NSDAP rose to power. It was supposed to symbolize the new found unity between the state and the working classes. Ironically, just one day later, on May 2 1933, all free unions were outlawed and destroyed. But since the holiday had been celebrated by German workers for many decades before the official state endorsement, the NSDAP attempt to appropriate it left no long-term resentment.
India
In India, the first formal celebration of Labour Day was instigated by the Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan in Chennai (known as Madras) on 1 May 1923. It is observed as a holiday in Assam, Bihar, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Tamil Nadu, Tripura and West Bengal.
Italy
A key May Day celebration in Italy is the the annual Concerto del Primo Maggio which takes place in Rome and is  attended by more than half a million people.
Sweden
In Sweden May day is also a Christian celebration; the Mass of Saint Walburga or Walpurgis Night is celebrated on the evening of 30 April.
Switzerland
In Switzerland, Labour Day is a holiday in the following 11 cantons: Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Fribourg, Jura, Neuchâtel, Schaffhausen, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino and Zurich. The status of the holiday may vary between the cantons, for instance in Solothurn, it is a holiday in the afternoon.

International Workers' Day

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about International Workers' Day on 1 May, which is sometimes also called May Day/Maharashtra Day. See May Day for the traditional spring holiday. See Labour Day for other labor-related holidays..
International Workers' Day
Chicago May Day 2.jpg
May Day 2006 march in Chicago
Official nameInternational Workers' Day
Also calledMay Day
CelebrationsOrganized street demonstrations and street marches
Date1 May
Next time1 May 2015
Frequencyannual
Related toMay Day, Labor Day, various other Labour Days
States and dependencies colored by observance of International Workers' Day or a different variant ofMay Day or Labour Day:
  Labour Day falls or may fall on 1 May
  Another public holiday on 1 May
  No public holiday on 1 May, but Labour Day on a different date
  No public holiday on 1 May and no Labour Day
Part of a series on
Socialism
Red flag waving.svg
International Workers' Day, also known as Labour Day in some places, is a celebration of laborers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labor movement, anarchists, socialists, and communistsand occurs every year on May Day, 1 May, which also coincides with the Celtic spring festival.[1][2] The date was chosen for International Workers' Day by the Second International to commemorate the Haymarket affair, which occurred in Chicago on 4 May 1886.[2] This Day has its origins in the labour union movement, specifically the eight-hour day movement, which advocated eight hours for work, eight hours for recreation, and eight hours for rest.[3]
Being a traditional European spring celebration, May Day is a national public holiday in many countries, but in only some of those countries it is celebrated specifically as "Labour Day" or "International Workers' Day". Some countries celebrate a Labour Day on other dates significant to them, such as the United States which celebrates Labor Day on the first Monday of September.

History[edit]

Khrushchev and Politburo members atop Lenin's Tomb, May Day, 1957
Beginning in the late 19th Century, as the trade union and labor movements grew, a variety of days were chosen by trade unionists as a day to celebrate labor. In the United States and Canada, a September holiday, called Labor or Labour Day, was first proposed in the 1880s. In 1882, Matthew Maguire, a machinist, first proposed a Labor Day holiday while serving as secretary of the Central Labor Union (CLU)) of New York.[4] Others argue that it was first proposed by Peter J. McGuire of the American Federation of Labor in May 1882,[5] after witnessing the annual labour festival held in Toronto, Canada.[6] In 1887, Oregonwas the first state of the United States to make it an official public holiday. By the time it became an official federal holiday in 1894, thirty U.S. states officially celebrated Labor Day.[5] Thus by 1887 in North America, Labor Day was an established, official holiday but in September,[7] not on 1 May.
1 May was chosen to be International Workers' Day in order to commemorate the 4 May, 1886 Haymarket affair in Chicago. The police were trying to disperse a public assembly during a general strike for theeight-hour workday, when an unidentified person threw a bomb at the police. The police responded by firing on the workers, killing four demonstrators.[8][9]
In 1889, a meeting in Paris was held by the first congress of the Second International, following a proposal by Raymond Lavigne which called for international demonstrations on the 1890 anniversary of the Chicago protests.[2] May Day was formally recognized as an annual event at the International's second congress in 1891.[citation needed] Subsequently, the May Day Riots of 1894 occurred. In 1904, the International Socialist Conference meeting in Amsterdam called on "all Social Democratic Party organizations and trade unions of all countries to demonstrate energetically on the First of May for the legal establishment of the 8-hour day, for the class demands of the proletariat, and for universal peace." The congress made it "mandatory upon the proletarian organizations of all countries to stop work on 1 May, wherever it is possible without injury to the workers."[10] Across the globe, labor activists sought to make May Day an official holiday to honor labor and many countries have done so.
May Day has long been a focal point for demonstrations by various socialist, communist and anarchist groups. May Day has been an important official holiday in countries such as the People's Republic of China,North Korea, Cuba and the former Soviet Union. May Day celebrations typically feature elaborate popular and military parades in these countries[citation needed].
In 1955, the Catholic Church dedicated 1 May to "Saint Joseph The Worker". Saint Joseph is for the Church the patron saint of workers and craftsmen (among others).[11]
During the Cold War, May Day became the occasional for large military parades in Red Square by the Soviet Union and attended by the top leaders of the Kremlin, especially the Politburo, atop Lenin's Tomb. It became an enduring symbol of that period.

Africa[edit]

Algeria[edit]

1 May is a public labour holiday in Algeria.[12] the First of May is celebrated in Algeria as a labours day and a paid bank holiday since 1962.

Egypt[edit]

Egyptian Communist Party flags inTahrir Square.
1 May is known as Labor Day and is considered a paid holiday. The President of Egypt traditionally presides over the official May Day celebrations in Cairo; however, owing to the absence of a president pursuant to theRevolution of 2011, as well as corruption charges faced by the head of the state-controlled national trade union centre (the Egyptian Trade Union Federation), the 2011 celebrations were organized by independent unions (united under the banner of the Egyptian Federation for Independent Trades Unions) for the first time since the Revolution of 1952.[13][14]

Ethiopia[edit]

In Ethiopia, May Day is a public holiday and celebrated as the Labour Day.

Kenya[edit]

In Kenya, May Day is a public holiday and celebrated as the Labour Day. It is a big day addressed by the leaders of the workers umbrella union body- Central Organisation of Trade Unions COTU. The Minister for Labour (and occasionally the President) address the Workers. Each Year, the government approves (and increases) the minimum wage on Labour Day

Libya[edit]

On 1 May, 1978, former Libyan leader Colonel Mu'ammar Al-Qaddafi addressed the nation in the capital city of Tripoli calling for Administrative and also Economic Reforms across Libya:
We celebrate today the first of May, the International Workers' Day; but the real workers' day is the one on which all workers of the world are liberated from slavery and when they become partners instead of wage workers...
This should be the Workers' International Day of Liberation throughout the world which deserves the true celebration.
On 1 September, marking the 9th anniversary of Qaddafi's rise to leadership, masses responded to the calls made four months prior by revolting and holding mass strikes against many institutions and private owned entities effectively eliminating the Private sector of the economy.
Four years later, again marking Workers' Day, Qaddafi gave a historic speech to labourers all over the world asking them to push further with reforms called for in 1978:
On this day we call on the workers of the world who are suffering from deceit, exploitation, oppression and slavery, to rebel against cruel social relations by seizing factories and production units to control their rights over production and form their people's congresses and committees ('No democracy without popular congresses...Committees everywhere!'[15][16][17]). The outbreak of the workers revolution shall sweep the world, destroying forces of exploitation and oppression and raising the banner of the dictum "Partners in production not wage-earners", guided by the second chapter[18][19][20] of The Green Book.
—Muammar Qaddafi, Workers' International Day of Liberation, 1 May 1982, Tripoli, Libya
International Workers' Day was declared as a national public holiday on 1 May of each year commencing 2012 by the National Transitional Council of Libya – the first year of the post-Qaddafi era.[22]

Morocco[edit]

It is recognized as a public holiday 1 May.

Nigeria[edit]

Every 1 May, workers in Nigeria converge at the stadium to commemorate this public holiday. It is a highly recognized holiday which all workers have to observe. On that day the president of the Nigeria Labour Congress addresses workers and this has been a tradition for decades.

South Africa[edit]

Main article: Workers' Day
In South Africa, Workers' Day has been celebrated as a national public holiday on the 1 May each year since 1994.
May Day rally in Tunis, Tunisia

Tanzania[edit]

In Tanzania, it is a public holiday and celebrated as the Workers' Day.

Tunisia[edit]

1 May is recognised as Labour Day. It started in America first.

America[edit]

Argentina[edit]

In Argentina, Workers' Day is an official holiday, and is frequently associated with the labor unions situated in the nation. During the day, many celebrations related to the labor movements take place, including demonstrations in major cities. It is also customary to organize meetings at friends' places, at the sports associations, at the workplace, or at the labor unions for typically local food, usually locro or asado.[citation needed]
The first Workers' Day celebration was in 1890, when Argentinean unions, controlled in those days by socialists and anarchists, organized several joint celebrations in Buenos Aires and other cities, at the same time that the international labour movement celebrated it for the first time.[23] In 1930, it was established as official holiday by the first president elected after the passage of the Sáenz Peña Law, the radical Hipólito Yrigoyen. The day became particularly relevant during the worker-oriented government of Juan Domingo Perón (1946–55).[24] He permitted and endorsed national recognition of the holiday during his tenure in office.

Bolivia[edit]

1 May is known as Labour Day and is considered a holiday. Almost all workers tend to respect it.[citation needed]

Brazil[edit]

In Brazil, Workers' Day is an official holiday, and unions commemorate it with day-long public events. It is also when salaries for most professional categories and the minimum wage are traditionally readjusted.[citation needed]

Canada[edit]

See also: Labour Day
A notice about an anti-capitalist rally on Worker's Day in Montreal (2011)
In Canada, Labour Day is celebrated in September. In 1894, the government of Prime Minister John Sparrow David Thompson declared the first Monday in September as Canada's official Labour Day. Labor Day in the United States is on the same day.
May Day is however marked by unions and leftists. May Day is an important day of trade-union and community group protest in the province of Quebec (though not a provincial stat holiday). Celebration of the International Labour Day (or "International Workers' Day"; French translation: Journée internationale des travailleurs) in Montreal goes back to 1906, organised by the Mutual Aid circle. The tradition had a renaissance at the time of a mass strike in 1972. On the 1973 May Day, the first contemporary demonstration was organised by the major trade union confederations; over 30 000 trade unionists took part in this demonstration. Further, it is the customary date on which the minimum wage rises.[25]

Chile[edit]

President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo decreed 1 May a national holiday in 1931, in honour of the dignity of workers.[26] All stores and public services must close for the entire day, and the major trade unions of Chile, represented in the national organization Central Unitaria de Trabajadores, organise rallies during the morning hours, with festivities and cookouts in the later part of the day, in all the major cities of Chile. During these rallies, representatives of the major left-wing political parties speak to the assemblies on the issues of the day concerning workers’ rights.

Colombia[edit]

1 May has long been recognised as labour day or Dia del Trabajo and almost all workers respect it as a national holiday. As in many other countries, it is common to see rallies by the trade unions in all over the main regional capitals of the country.

Costa Rica[edit]

It is recognised as a public holiday, and at the same time an important day for government activities. On this day the President of Costa Rica gives a speech to the citizens and the legislature of Costa Rica about the duties that were taken through the previous year. The president of the legislature is also chosen by its members.

Cuba[edit]

This day is known as Día del Trabajo (Labour Day) in Cuba. People march in the streets, showing their support to their local socialist government and the Cuban Revolution during the whole morning. La Habana or Santiago de Cuba are some of the cities where generally more people march. In 2011, guests from 73 countries and 167 representatives of labour and social organisations worldwide joined the march in Habana.[27]

Dominican Republic[edit]

1 May is a national holiday known as Labour Day or Día del Trabajo which is celebrated by workers' parades and demonstration.

Ecuador[edit]

It is recognised as a public holiday known as Labour Day or Día del Trabajador

El Salvador[edit]

It is an official holiday and it is commemorated with parades.

Guatemala[edit]

1 May is an official public holiday known as Labour Day or Día del Trabajo.

Mexico[edit]

1 May is a Federal holiday known as Día del Trabajo or Labour Day. It also commemorates the Cananea Mine Strike of 1906 in the Mexican state of Sonora.

Panama[edit]

1 May is an official public holiday known as Labour Day or Día del Trabajo.

Peru[edit]

1 May is an official public holiday known as Labour Day or Día del Trabajo.

United States[edit]

Main article: Labor Day
Socialists in Union Square, N.Y.C. on 1 May, 1912
In the United States, efforts to switch Labor Day from September to 1 May have not been successful. In 1921, following the Russian Revolution of 1917, 1 May was promoted as "Americanization Day" by the Veterans of Foreign Wars and other groups in opposition to communism. It became an annual event, sometimes featuring large rallies. In 1949, Americanization Day was renamed to Loyalty Day. In 1958, the U.S. Congress declared Loyalty Day, the U.S. recognition of 1 May, a national holiday; that same year, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower proclaimed 1 May Law Day as well.
Unions and union locals in the United States — especially in urban areas with strong support for organised labour — have maintained a connection with labour traditions through their own unofficial observances on 1 May. Some of the largest examples of this occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s, when hundreds of thousands of workers marched in May Day parades in New York's Union Square. Radical organisations includinganarchist groups and socialist and communist parties have kept the May Day tradition alive with rallies and demonstrations in such cities as New York, Chicago and Seattle, often with major union backing.[28][29][30]
San Jose, California, May Day March, 1 May 2006
In 2006, 1 May was chosen by mostly Latino immigrant groups in the United States as the day for the Great American Boycott, a general strike of undocumented immigrant workers and supporters to protest H.R. 4437, immigration reform legislation which they felt was draconian. From 10 April to 1 May of that year, millions of immigrant families in the U.S. called for immigrant rights, workers rights and amnesty for undocumented workers. They were joined by socialist and other leftist organizations on 1 May.[31][32] On 1 May, 2007, a mostly peaceful demonstration in Los Angeles in support of undocumented immigrant workers ended with a widely televiseddispersal by police officers. In March 2008, the International Longshore and Warehouse Union announced that dockworkers will move no cargo at any West Coast ports on 1 May, 2008, as a protest against the continuation of the Iraq War and the diversion of resources from domestic needs.[33] For May Day 2010, marches were being planned in many cities uniting immigrant and native workers including New York,[34][35] San Francisco,[36]Boston,[37] Albany[38] Chicago and Los Angeles most of whom protested against the Arizona Senate Bill 1070[39]
On 1 May, 2012, members of Occupy Wall Street and labour unions held protests together in a number of cities in the United States and Canada to commemorate May Day and to protest the state of the economy and economic inequality.[40][41]

Uruguay[edit]

In Uruguay, 1 May – Workers' Day – is an official holiday. Even when it is associated with labour unions, almost all workers tend to respect it. Since the late 1990s, the main event takes place at the First of May Square in Montevideo.

Venezuela[edit]

1 May is an official holiday in Venezuela. El Día del Trabajador is celebrated on 1 May in Venezuela since 1936, but from 1938 to 1945 it was held on 24 July, by an order of Eleazar López Contreras. However, Isaías Medina Angarita changed it back to 1 May in 1945.[42]

Asia[edit]

Bahrain[edit]

In Bahrain, 1 May is known as Labour Day and is considered a public holiday.

Bangladesh[edit]

In Bangladesh, it is observed on 1 May and is a Government holiday.

Cambodia[edit]

In Cambodia, it is known as International Labour Day and it is a public holiday.

China[edit]

Protest march in Macau, China, 1 May 2010
1 May is a statutory holiday in the People's Republic of China. Prior to 2008, it was a seven-day holiday, but is now just the one day. However, it is usually supplemented by two other days to give the appearance of a three-day holiday, but not being statutory holidays the extra days have to be "made up" by working either the preceding or following weekend. For example, in 2013, 1 May fell on Wednesday. Most workplaces, including all government offices, took Monday 29 April, Tuesday 30 April, and Wednesday 1 May off. As the first two days are not statutory holidays they have to be "made up" by working the preceding weekend (27 and 28 April).In Hong Kong,1 May is known as Labour Day and has been considered a public holiday since 1999.

Georgia[edit]

Georgia, because of its Soviet past, lists 1 May as a public holiday.[43]

India[edit]

Triumph of Labour at the Marina Beach in Chennai.
The first May Day celebration in India was organised in Madras (now Chennai) by the Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan on 1 May 1923.[44] This was also the first time the red flag was used in India.[45] The party leaderSingaravelu Chettiar made arrangements to celebrate May Day in two places in 1923. One meeting was held at the beach opposite to the Madras High Court; the other meeting was held at the Triplicane beach. The Hindunewspaper, published from Madras reported,
The Labour Kisan party has introduced May Day celebrations in Madras. Comrade Singaravelar presided over the meeting. A resolution was passed stating that the government should declare May Day as a holiday. The president of the party explained the non-violent principles of the party. There was a request for financial aid. It was emphasized that workers of the world must unite to achieve independence.[46]
May Day is a National holiday in the country.[47] The holiday is tied to labour movements for communist and socialist political parties. Labour Day is known as "Kamgar Din" in Hindi, "Kamgar Divas" in Marathi and "Uzhaipalar Naal" in Tamil. In North India, Labour Day is mostly not given its previous importance as a holiday now.
1 May is also celebrated as "Maharashtra Day"[48] and "Gujarat Day" to mark the date in 1960, when the two western states attained statehood after the erstwhile Bombay State was divided on linguistic lines. Maharashtra Day is held at Shivaji Park in central Mumbai. Schools and offices in Maharashtra remain closed on 1 May. A similar parade is held to celebrate Gujarat Day in Gandhinagar.

Indonesia[edit]

Protest march in Jakarta, Indonesia, 1 May 2007
Israel, 1 May 2007
May Day (often referred locally as Labour Day) in Indonesia was first observed as a public holiday from 2014. Every year on the day, labours take over the streets in major cities across the country, voicing their demands for better income & a supportive policy by the ministries.[49]

Iran[edit]

In Iran, 1 May is known as the International Workers' Day. It is not a public holiday.

Iraq[edit]

In Iraq, it is known as the International Workers' Day and it is a public holiday.

Israel[edit]

In the State of Israel, 1 May is not an official holiday. Avodah-affiliated organizations and the Histadrut recognize this international holiday.[citation needed]

Japan[edit]

2011 National Trade Union Council (Zenrokyo)May Day march, Tokyo.
May Day is not officially designated by the Japanese government as a national holiday, but as it lies between other national holidays, it is a day-off work for the vast majority of Japanese workers. Many employers give it as a day-off by, and otherwise workers take it as "paid leave". 1 May occurs during "Golden Week", together with 29 April ("Shōwa Day"), 3 May ("Constitution Memorial Day"), 4 May ("Greenery Day") and 5 May ("Children's Day"). Workers generally take the day off work not so much to join street rallies or labour union gatherings, but more to go on holiday for several consecutive days (in Japanese corporate culture, taking weekdays off for personal pleasure is widely frowned upon).
Some major labour unions organise rallies and demonstrations in Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya.[citation needed] Japan has a long history of labour activism and since 1945, has had a communist and socialist party in the Diet. In 2008, the National Confederation of Trade Unions (Zenrōren) held a rally in Yoyogi Park attended by 44,000 participants, while the National Trade Unions Council (Zenrōkyō) held its May Day rally at Hibiya Park.[citation needed]Rengō, the largest Japanese trade union, held its May Day rally on the following Saturday (3 May), allegedly to distance itself from the more radical labour unions.[citation needed]

Jordan[edit]

1 May is known as Labour Day and is considered a public holiday.

Lebanon[edit]

1 May is known as the Workers' Day and is considered a public holiday. From the 1960s through the 1990s, left-wing parties and worker's unions organised major marches on this day. Recently[when?], only symbolic marches take place on this day.

Macau[edit]

1 May is officially known as Dia do Trabalhador in Portuguese. It is a public holiday in the SAR.

Malaysia[edit]

Malaysia began observing the holiday in 1972 following an announcement by the late Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister, Ismail Abdul Rahman.[50]

Maldives[edit]

Maldives first observed the holiday in 2011, after a declaration by President Mohamed Nasheed. He noted that this move highlighted the government’s commitment as well as efforts of private parties to protect and promote workers’ rights in the Maldives.[51]

Myanmar[edit]

In Myanmar, 1 May is known as Labour Day and is considered a public holiday.

Nepal[edit]

May Day has been celebrated in Nepal since 1963.[52] The day became a public holiday in 2007.[53]

North Korea[edit]

In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 1 May is known as International Workers' Day, and is a public holiday. The Rungnado May Day Stadium in the capital of Pyongyang was built in honor of the holiday.

Pakistan[edit]

International Labor Day is observed in Pakistan on 1 May to commemorate the social and economic achievements of workers. It is a public and national holiday. All government and non-government organizations, factories and educational institutions remain close on this day. Currently (2015), it is honored by every single organization in Pakistan to give respect to all those who worked, to those who are working and those who played a part in social as well as economic conditions.
"Labor Day is seen as a day of rest for many hardworking Pakistanis." - Aliza T. Baloch.

Palestine[edit]

1 May is known as Labour Day and is considered a public holiday.

Philippines[edit]

1 May is known as Labor Day (Araw ng mga Manggaggawa) and is a public holiday in the Philippines. On this day, labor organizations and unions hold protests in major cities. On 1 May, 1903, during the American colonial period the Union Obrera Democratica Filipina (Filipino Democratic Labor Union) held a 100,000-person[54] rally in front of the Malacañan Palace demanding workers' economic rights and Philippine independence.[citation needed] Ten years later, the first official[by whom?] celebration was held on 1 May, 1913 when 36 labor unions convened for a congress in Manila.[54] On 1 May 2001, a mass demonstration occurred near Malacañang Palace known as EDSA 3 or 1 May Riots.
During the Presidency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, a policy was adopted called holiday economics policy that moved holidays to either a Monday or a Friday to create a long weekend of three days. In 2002, Labor Day was moved to 29 April. Labor groups protested, as they accused the Arroyo administration of belittling the holiday.[55] By 2008, Labor Day was excluded in the holiday economics policy, returning the commemorations every 1 May, no matter what day of the week it falls under.[56]

Saudi Arabia[edit]

In Saudi Arabia, it is not officially observed and is a normal working day.

Singapore[edit]

In Singapore, it is known as Labour Day and it is a public holiday.

South Korea[edit]

In the Republic of Korea, 1 May is known simply as "Workers' Day". It is not a public holiday but rather a paid holiday for workers by the Labor Standards Law.[citation needed]

Sri Lanka[edit]

In Sri Lanka, it is observed on 1 May and is a Government and public holiday. The government has held official May Day celebrations in major towns and cities, with the largest being in the capital, Colombo. During celebrations, it is common to witness party leaders greeting the crowds. The United People's Freedom Alliance usually spearheads the political aspect of the Sri Lankan May Day. Workers frequently carry banners with political slogans and many parties decorate their vehicles.

Syria[edit]

1 May is known as Labor Day and is considered a public holiday throughout the nation.

Taiwan[edit]

In the Republic of China, 1 May is an official public holiday. Here it is known as Labour Day.

Thailand[edit]

In Thailand, the day is known in English as National Labour Day, and is one of 16 official public holidays in Thailand.

United Arab Emirates[edit]

In UAE, it is not officially observed and is a normal working day.

Vietnam[edit]

In Vietnam, it is known as International Labor Day and is a public holiday. The word International Workers' Day in Vietnamese is Ngày Quốc tế Lao động . It was first celebrated in 1913.

Europe[edit]

Eastern bloc under Communist governments[edit]

May Day rally in Moscow, 1 May 1960
Eastern Bloc countries such as the Soviet Union and most countries of central and eastern Europe that were under the rule of Communist governments held official May Day celebrations in every town and city, during which party leaders greeted the crowds. Workers carried banners with political slogans and many companies decorated their company cars. The biggest celebration of 1 May usually occurred in the capital of a particular communist country and usually included a military display and the presence of the president and the secretary general of the Party. In Poland, since 1982, party leaders led the official parades, and in 1990, 1 May was renamed "State Holiday." In Hungary, May Day was officially celebrated under the Communist regime, and remains a public holiday. Traditionally, the day was marked by dancing around designated "May trees."[57]

Albania[edit]

Labour Day ("Dita e punëtorëve") is an official holiday celebrated on 1 May.

Austria[edit]

May Day demonstration in Vienna, Austria, 1 May 2013
Labour Day ("Tag der Arbeit") or officially called "Staatsfeiertag" (state's holiday) and is an official holiday in Austria. Left parties, especially social democrats organise celebrations with marches and speeches in all major cities. In smaller towns and villages those marches are held the night before.

Belgium[edit]

In Belgium, Labour Day (Dutch: "Dag van de Arbeid", "Feest van de Arbeid", French: "Journée des Travailleurs", "Fête du Travail"), is observed on 1 May and is an official holiday. Various socialist and communist organisations hold parades in different cities.

Bosnia and Herzegovina[edit]

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1 May (Bosnian and Serbian: Prvi Maj/Први Mај, Croatian: Prvi Svibanj) is official holiday at the national level. Most people celebrate this holiday by visiting natural parks and resorts. Additionally, in some places public events are organized.

Bulgaria[edit]

Labour Day is one of the official holidays in Bulgaria where it is known as Labour Day and International Workers' Solidarity Day (Ден на труда и на международната работническа солидарност). The first attempt to celebrate it was in 1890 by the Bulgarian Topographical Association. In 1939, Labour Day was declared an official holiday. Since 1945 the communist authorities in the People's Republic of Bulgaria began to celebrate the holiday every year. After the end of socialism in Bulgaria in 1989 Labour Day continues to be an official and public holiday, but state authorities are not committed to the organization of mass events. It is celebrated annually on 1 May.

Croatia[edit]

In Croatia, 1 May is a national holiday. People celebrate all over the country. In Zagreb, the capital, most people go to Maksimir Park, which is located in the east part of Zagreb. In Split, the largest city on the coast, people go to Marjan, a park-forest at the western end of Split peninsula. Many public events are organized and held all over the country where military style bean soup is given out to all people as a symbol of a real workers' dish and red carnations as a symbol of blood of fallen workers from the 1886 Haymarket bloodshed in Chicago.

Czech Republic[edit]

In the Czech Republic, 1 May is an official and national holiday known as Labour Day (Svátek práce in Czech).

Denmark[edit]

In Denmark, 1 May is not an official holiday, but many people, mostly in the public sector, get a half or a whole day off. The day is celebrated in the biggest cities with speeches from politicians etc.

Finland[edit]

A May Day rally in Helsinki, Finland
In Finland, 1 May is an official and national holiday. Apart from Workers' Day (officially: "suomalaisen työn päivä" or "day of Finnish labour"), it is also celebrated as a feast of students, and spring.

France[edit]

May Day demonstration in Lyon, France
In France, 1 May is a public holiday. It is, in fact, the only day of the year on which employees are legally obliged to be given leave, save professions which cannot be interrupted due to their nature (such as workers in hospitals and public transport).[58] Demonstrations and marches are a Labour Day tradition in France, where Trade Unions organise parades in major cities to defend workers' rights. It is also customary to offer a lily of the valley to friends or family. This custom dates back from 1561, where Charles IX, aged 10, waiting for his accession to the throne, gave a lily of the valley to all ladies present. Today, the fiscal administration exempts individuals and workers organizations if any tax or administrative duties related to the sales of lilies of the valley, provided they are gathered from the wild, and not bought to be resold.

Germany[edit]

In April 1933, the recently installed Nazi government declared 1 May the "Day of National Work," an official state holiday, and announced that all celebrations were to be organised by the government. Any separate celebrations by communists, social democrats or labour unions were banned. After the World War II, 1 May remained a state holiday in both East and West Germany. In communist East Germany, workers were de facto required to participate in large state-organized parades on May Day. Today in Germany it is simply called "Labour Day" ("Tag der Arbeit"), and there are numerous demonstrations and celebrations by independent workers' organizations. Today, Berlin witnesses yearly demonstrations on May Day, the largest organized by labour unions, political parties and others by the far left and Autonomen.
May Day rally in Hanover, Germany, 1 May 2013
Since 1987, May Day has also become known for riots in some districts of Berlin. After police actions against radical leftists in that year's annual demonstrations, the Autonome scattered and sought cover at the ongoing annual street fair in Kreuzberg. Three years prior to the reunification of Germany, violent protests would only take place in the former West Berlin. The protesters began tipping over police cars, violently resisting arrest, and began building barricades after the police withdrew due to the unforeseen resistance. Cars were set on fire, shops plundered and burned to the ground. The police eventually ended the riots the following night. These violent forms of protests by the radical left, later increasingly involved participants without political motivation. (Read more: May Day in Kreuzberg)
Annual street fairs have proven an effective way to prevent riots, and May Day in 2005 and 2006 have been among the most peaceful known to Berlin in nearly 25 years. In recent years, neo-Nazis and other groups on the far right, such as the National Democratic Party of Germany, have used the day to schedule public demonstrations, often leading to clashes with left-wing protesters, which turned especially violent in Leipzig in 1998 and 2005.
May Day violence flared again in 2010. After an approved far right demonstration was blocked by leftists, a parade by an estimated 10,000 leftists and anarchists turned violent and resulted in an active response by Berlin police.[59]

Greece[edit]

In Greece 1 May is an optional public holiday. The Ministry of Labour retains the right to classify it as an official public holiday on an annual basis, and it customarily does so.[60] The day is called "Εργατική Πρωτομαγιά" (lit: Workers' 1 May) and celebrations are marked by demonstrations to which left-wing political parties, anti-authority groups and workers' unions participate. On May Day 2010 there were major protests all over Greece, most notably Athens and Thessaloniki, by many left, anarchist and communist supporters and some violent clashes by riot police who were sent out to contain the protesters. They opposed economic reforms, an end to job losses and wage cuts in the face of the government's proposals of massive public spending cuts. These reforms are to fall in line with the IMF-EU-ECB loan proposals which demand that Greece liberalize its economy and cut its public spending and private sector wages, which many believe will decrease living standards.[61]

Hungary[edit]

Hungary celebrates 1 May as a national holiday, with open-air festivities and fairs all over the country. Many towns raise May poles and festivals with various themes are organized around the holiday. As with other holidays, whenever 1 May falls on a Thursday or Tuesday, the holiday officially becomes a long weekend when families take off to travel and hotels are booked full. Left-wing parties continue to hold public rallies commemorating labor day.

Iceland[edit]

In Iceland the Labour Day (Frídagur Verkalýðsins) is a national holiday. However many stores nowadays are open and pay higher salaries to the workers instead on this day. A parade composed of trade unions and other group marches through towns and cities across the country and speeches are held.

Ireland[edit]

May Day celebrations in Ireland, North and South, are organised by the Irish Congress of Trade Unions. Rallies take place in Belfast and Dublin and other events such as lectures, concerts and film screenings also take place around a wider May Day festival. Since 1994 a Public holiday in Ireland is observed on the first Monday in May.

Italy[edit]

The first May day celebration in Italy took place in 1890. It started initially as an attempt to celebrate workers' achievements in their struggle for their rights and for better social and economic conditions. It was abolished under the Fascist Regime and immediately restored after the Second World War. (During the fascist period, a "Holiday of the Italian Labour" (Festa del lavoro italiano) was celebrated on 21 April, the date of Natale di Roma, when ancient Rome was allegedly founded.) Now, May Day is an important celebration in Italy. Very popular is the Concerto del Primo Maggio ("1st of May Concert"), organised by Italian Labour Unions in Rome in Piazza San Giovanni. Every year it is attended by a very large audience and involves participation of many famous bands and songwriters. The concert is usually broadcast live by Rai 3.

Lithuania[edit]

First May Day is an official public holiday celebrated as International Work Day (Tarptautinė darbo diena). First official celebrations appeared during Soviet occupation, but it had negative communist connotation. As Lithuania declared its Independence in 1990, Work Day lost its public holiday status, but regained in 1996.

Luxembourg[edit]

In Luxembourg, 1 May, called the Dag vun der Aarbecht ("Day of Labour"), is a legal holiday traditionally associated with large demonstrations by trade unions in Luxembourg City and other cities. Many people seize the opportunity for an outdoor picnic with family and friends, and local and national associations organize popular events for this day, among others the Festival of Labour and Cultures, organised by the Neumünster Abbey Cultural Exchange Center in Luxembourg City.

Macedonia[edit]

In Macedonia, 1 May (Macedonian: Ден на Трудот) is an official public holiday. People celebrate with friends and family at traditional picnics across the country, accompanied by the usual outdoor games, various grilled meats and beverages.

Malta[edit]

In Malta, 1 May is an official public holiday celebrated as Worker's Day together with the religious feast of St. Joseph (Patron of Workers). A free music event also takes place on this date. The Maltese also celebrate the membership of Malta in the European Union of 2004.

Netherlands[edit]

In the Netherlands, 1 May is not an official holiday. However, several left-wing political parties and organizations celebrate International Workers' Day yearly. Small demonstrations are sometimes held, mostly by anarchist and radical socialist groups. One of the reasons labour day never got established as a national holiday might have been the fact that the day that used to immediately precede it, Queen's Day (now King's Day), was already a public holiday in its own right.

Norway[edit]

Norway's former Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg gives his May 1st speech inOslo, Norway
In Norway, Labour Day or "Arbeidernes Dag" is on 1 May every year. It is an official public holiday.

Poland[edit]

In Poland, since the fall of Communism, 1 May is officially celebrated as May Day, but is commonly called Labour Day.[62][63]

Portugal[edit]

In Portugal, the 1 May celebration was harshly repressed[citation needed]during the reign of António de Oliveira Salazar and Marcelo Caetano. Since the Carnation Revolution on 25 April 1974, the Worker's Day is now celebrated by the several leftist political parties with parades and demonstrations. The first demonstration after the Carnation Revolution, only one week after the coup, stays until today as the biggest demonstration in the history of Portugal. It remains today an opportunity for the several non-permanent workers groups to show their discontent for existing working conditions, in a parade called Primeiro de Maio (1 May). Worker's Day also represents the unionized workers that try to improve the working conditions of emigrant workers abroad. It is an official public holiday.

Romania[edit]

In Romania, 1 May, known as the International Labour Day (Ziua internațională a muncii), the International Workers' Day (Ziua internațională a oamenilor muncii), or simply 1/First of May (1/Întâi Mai), is an official public holiday. During the communist regime, like in all former Eastern Bloc countries, the day was marked by large state-organized parades in most towns and cities, to which many workers were de facto required to participate. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, 1 May continues to be an official public holiday, but without any state organised events or parades. Most people celebrate together with friends and family, organising picnics and barbecues. It is also the first day of the year when people, especially those from the southeastern part of the country including the capital Bucharest, go to spend the day in one of the Romanian Black Sea resorts.

Russia[edit]

Russian Communist Workers' Party demonstration on 1 May 2008 in Izhevsk
May Day was celebrated illegally in Russia until the February Revolution enabled the first legal celebration in 1917. The following year, after the Bolshevik seizure of power, the May Day celebrations were boycotted byMensheviks, Left Socialist Revolutionaries and anarchists. It became an important official holiday of the Soviet Union, celebrated with elaborate popular parade in the centre of the major cities. The biggest celebration was traditionally organized on the Red Square, where the General Secretary of the CPSU and other party and government leaders stood atop Lenin's Mausoleum and waved to the crowds. In 1991, which preceded the last year that demonstrations were held on Red Square, May Day grew into high-spirited political action. Around 50,000 people participated in a rally on Red Square in 1991 after which the tradition was interrupted for 13 years: In the early post-Soviet period the holiday turned into massive political gatherings of supporters of radically minded politicians. For instance, an action dubbed as "a rally of Communist-oriented organizations" was held on Red Square in 1992. The rally began with performance of the Soviet Union anthem and raising the Red Flag and ended with appeals from the leader of opposition movement Working Moscow, Viktor Anpilov, "for early dismissal of President Boris Yeltsin, ousting Moscow Mayor Gavriil Popov from power and putting the latter on trial". Since 1992, May Day is officially called "The Day of Spring and Labour", and remains a major holiday in present-day Russia.

Serbia[edit]

In Serbia, 1 May (and also 2 May) is a day off work and a day out of school. It is one of the major popular holidays, and only official holiday from socialist times that is still officially celebrated. People celebrate it all over the country. By tradition 1 May is celebrated by countryside picnics and outdoor barbecue. May is marked by warm weather in Serbia. In Belgrade, the capital, most people go to Avala or Košutnjak, which are parks located in Rakovica and Čukarica. People go around the country to enjoy nature. A major religious holiday of Djurdjevdan is on 6 May so quite often days off work are given to connect these two holidays and weekend, creating a small spring break. 1 May is celebrated by most of the population regardless of political views.

Slovakia[edit]

In Slovakia, 1 May is a day off work and a day out of school. Celebrations are usually connected also with the commemoration of entry of Slovak Republic into European Union (1.5.2004)

Slovenia[edit]

In Slovenia, 1 May (and also 2 May) is a day off work and a day out of school. There are many official celebrations all over the country. In Ljubljana, the capital, many people go to Rožnik Hill in the city. On the night of 30 April, bonfires are burned on many hills.
May Day rally in Barcelona, Spain

Spain[edit]

In Spain, the 1 May celebration was established after the death of Franco in 1975; before that, it had been celebrated during the Spanish Second Republic period (1931–1939), but it was banned afterwards by the Franco regime. The first time it was celebrated was in 1977, when the Communist Party of Spain was legalized. Since then, it has become an official holiday that has been traditionally used by trade unions and leftist parties for social and labour vindications. Commonly, pacific demonstrations and parades occur in major and minor cities.

Sweden[edit]

Swedish Social Democratic Party at May Day demonstration in Stockholm,Sweden in 2006. The party has dominated Swedish politics for nearly a century. The Trade union palace in Stockholm is seen at the end of the picture
1 May has been an important part of Swedish history since the late 19th century. The day was made a public holiday in 1938 but had been celebrated by the Swedish Social Democratic Party and the left since 1890. The first May Day celebration gathered more than 50,000 people in central Stockholm. The crowd went to hear speeches by the leading figures in the Swedish labour movement such as Hjalmar Branting (later prime minister), August Palm and Hinke Bergegren. During World War I the demonstrations mainly had a peace message and the Liberal Party also joined the demonstrations. The 8-hour working day and women's suffrage were the principal themes during the troubled times after World War I.
The May Day demonstrations are still an important part of Swedish politics for the social democrats, left-wing parties and unions who use May Day to discuss their politics. In Stockholm the Social Democratic Party always marches towards Norra Bantorget, the centre of the Swedish labour movement, to hold speeches in front of the headquarters of the Swedish Trade Union Confederation, while the smaller Left Party marches in larger numbers[64] towards Kungsträdgården.

Switzerland[edit]

In Switzerland, the status of 1 May differs depending on the canton and sometimes on the municipality. Labor Day is known as Tag der Arbeit in German-speaking cantons, as Fête du Travail in the French-speaking cantons, and as Festa del lavoro in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino.
  • In the cantons of Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Jura, Neuchâtel, and Zürich, Labor Day is an official public holiday equal to Sundays, based on federal law (Bundesgesetz über die Arbeit in Industrie, Gewerbe und Handel, article 20a).
  • In the cantons of Schaffhausen, Thurgau, and Ticino, Labor Day is an official "day off" (Ruhetag). This equals in practice to an official public holiday, but is not based on federal law and cantonal regulations may differ in details.
  • In the canton of Solothurn it is an official half-day holiday (starting at 12 noon).
  • In the canton of Fribourg, public servants get the afternoon off, many companies follow this practice.
  • In the canton of Aargau it is not an official holiday, but most employees get the afternoon off.
  • In the municipalities of Hildisrieden and Schüpfheim (both in the canton of Lucerne) as well as in Muotathal (canton of Schwyz), 1 May is an official public holiday, but as commemoration day of the local patron saint, not as Labor Day. In the other parts of the cantons of Lucerne and Schwyz, 1 May is a regular work day.
  • In all other cantons, 1 May is a regular work day.
The largest Labor Day celebrations in Switzerland are held in the city of Zürich. Each year, Zürich's 1 May committee, together with the Swiss Federation of Trade Unions, organises a festival and 1 May rally. It is the largest rally held on a regular basis in Switzerland.

Turkey[edit]

Flags from Istanbul may day 2012
Istanbul may day clashes in 2013
Workers marching to Taksim Square, 1 May 2012
1 May is an official holiday celebrated in Turkey. It was a holiday until 1981 when it was cancelled after the 1980 coup-d'état. In 2010, the Turkish government restored the holiday after some casualties and demonstrations.Taksim Square is the center of the celebrations due to the Taksim Square massacre.
Workers' Day was first celebrated in 1912 in İstanbul, in 1911 in Selânik and in 1899 in İzmir. After the establishment of the Turkish Republic, it became an official holiday. In 1924, it was forbidden by a decree and in both 1924 and 1925, demonstrations were intervened by arm floats. In 1935, The National Assembly declared Workers' Day to be a holiday again.[65]
During the events leading to the 1980 Turkish coup d'etat, a massacre occurred on 1 May 1977, (Taksim Square massacre) in which unknown people (provocateurs) opened fire on the crowd. The crowd was the biggest in Turkish Workers' history with the number of people approximating 500,000. In the next two years, provocations and confusion continued and peaked before the 1980 coup d'etat. The Workers' Day holiday was cancelled once again. Still, demonstrations continued with small crowds, and in 1996, three people were killed by police bullets, and a plain-clothes man who spied in the crowd was revealed and lynched by workers. On the same evening, a video broadcast on TV showed that two participants of the demonstration were lynched by far right-wing nationalist groups and this lynching occurred in front of police forces who were watching the scene with happy faces. Thus, 1 May 1996 has been remembered by workers movements.[65]
In 2007, the 30th anniversary of the Taksim square massacre, leftist workers' unions wanted to commemorate the massacre in Taksim square. Since the government would not let them into the square, 580–700 people were stopped and 1 person died under police control. After these events, the government declared 1 May as "Work and Solidarity Day" but not as a holiday. In the next year, the day was declared as an holiday, but people were still not allowed to gather in Taksim Square.[66] The year 2008 was remembered with police violence in Istanbul. Police fired tear-gas grenades among the crowds, and into hospitals and a primary school. Workers pushed forward so that in 2010, 140,000 people gathered in Taksim, and in 2011 there were more than half a millon demonstrators.
After 3 years of peaceful meetings in 2013, meetings in Taksim Square were forbidden by the government. Clashes occurred between police and workers. water cannon and tear gas have been widely used.[67]

Ukraine[edit]

May Day demonstration in Odessa,Ukraine, 1 May 2014
Public Holiday in Ukraine, inherited from the Soviet Union times. Ukrainian Communists and Socialists celebrate the holiday with a demonstrations, while other people go to picnicks and spring vacations.
In 2015, May Day rallies were banned in Kiev and Kharkiv.[68]

United Kingdom[edit]

May Day activities (from 1978) are on the first Monday of the month. In the United Kingdom in recent years, the anti-capitalist movement has organised a number of large protests in London, Glasgow, Edinburgh, andDoncaster. In London, these have resulted in clashes with the police. In 2000, the clashes ended with a branch of McDonalds being smashed and a statue of Winston Churchill being given a grass Mohawk hairstyle. TheCenotaph was also defaced with graffiti.[69][70] In the last few years, demonstrations have been more peaceful, with marches and gatherings, particularly in central London.[71] The current Conservative-led coalition government in March 2011 announced plans to move the May Day bank holiday to October in order to lengthen the tourist season.[72] A London rally on May Day is organised by the London May Day Organising Committee (LMDOC).

Oceania[edit]

Australia[edit]

While unofficial activities and commemorations associated with International Workers' Day occur on May Day in Australia, Labour Day in the various states and territories generally fall on other days. Only in the Northern Territory is Labour Day celebrated on the first Monday in May, which is a public holiday under the name of "May Day".

Photo gallery[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to International Workers' Day.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to May Day.
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